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Featured Publications
Debt and Pensions
Fact Sheet
Debt and Taxes: Tax-Exempt vs. Taxable Bonds
April 13, 2026
Cities can lower borrowing costs by issuing tax-exempt bonds, but these come with restrictions that limit how funds can be used, particularly for projects that aren’t publicly owned. Taxable bonds offer greater flexibility for investments like affordable housing and neighborhood development, though they typically carry higher interest costs. Choosing between these financing tools requires balancing…
Debt and Pensions
Fact Sheet
Digging Into (and Out of) Debt
April 6, 2026
Philadelphia’s General Fund-supported debt declined by about nine percent over the past decade, even as the City continued to borrow for major investments in infrastructure, housing, and public facilities. This progress reflects consistent repayment of older obligations, including pension-related borrowing and legacy debts from prior fiscal challenges. Looking ahead, with annual debt service expected to…
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Fact Sheet
Proposed FY27-31 Five-Year Plan Fiscal Highlights
March 17, 2026
Philadelphia’s proposed FY27–31 Five-Year Plan maintains positive fund balances in each year, but projects operating deficits in four of five years and a steady decline in reserves over time. Revenues are expected to grow by 10.3 percent over the Plan period, driven primarily by local taxes, while spending growth is more modest but still exceeds…
Debt and Pensions
Issues Report
An Ounce of Prevention: Managing the Ballooning Liability of Philadelphia’s Pension Fund
December 21, 2005
An Ounce of Prevention: Managing the Ballooning Liability of Philadelphia’s Pension Fund' examines the City’s pension crisis, highlighting a $2.9 billion unfunded liability and projected cost increases of 76% from FY01 to FY06. The report urges immediate reforms, including adjusting benefit structures and funding policies to improve the pension fund’s health.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q1
November 18, 2005
The first quarter FY06 QCMR projects a General Fund balance of $142.5 million, a $120.3 million improvement from the Five-Year Plan, due to strong tax revenues and expenditure control. However, rising employee benefits and fuel costs present ongoing financial risks.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2005
October 27, 2005
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY05 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
Revenue Analysis & Outlook
Issues Report
From Virtual Realty to Full Value Realty: Preparing for Reassessment
October 20, 2005
The From Virtual Realty to Full Value Realty: Preparing for Reassessment report evaluates Philadelphia’s transition to full-value property assessments and the fiscal and policy implications of the change. It discusses the potential impact on property tax revenue, municipal debt limits, and taxpayer burdens, while recommending strategies to ensure a fair and transparent reassessment process.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY05 Q4
August 18, 2005
The fourth quarter FY05 QCMR reports a projected General Fund balance of $26.7 million, in line with the Five-Year Plan. However, growing pension and health care costs, coupled with revenue reliance on volatile sources, pose long-term risks.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY06-10 Five-Year Plan
August 8, 2005
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY06-10 reviews Philadelphia’s budgetary strategy, with a focus on debt service obligations, expenditure reductions, and economic development initiatives.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2004
October 1, 2004
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY04 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY05-09 Five-Year Plan
July 7, 2004
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY05-09 assesses Philadelphia’s budgetary trajectory, highlighting potential risks and proposing strategies for maintaining fiscal balance.
Government Operations, Efficiency, & Performance
White Paper
The Crime of Inefficiency: The Cost of Policing in Philadelphia
March 9, 2004
The Crime of Inefficiency: The Cost of Policing in Philadelphia examines inefficiencies in the Philadelphia Police Department, highlighting excessive staffing levels, high overtime expenditures, and ineffective management practices.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2003
October 1, 2003
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY03 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY04-08 Five-Year Plan
June 26, 2003
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY04-08 examines Philadelphia’s financial outlook, assessing projected revenues, major expenditure categories, and policy initiatives to ensure fiscal sustainability.
PICA Capital Financing
Bond Documents
2003 Bond Issuance Documents
June 1, 2003
The document outlines the Amended and Restated Indenture of Trust between PICA and Meridian Bank as Trustee, governing the issuance and repayment of bonds. It details the security structure, payment mechanisms, and legal covenants ensuring compliance with tax and financial regulations.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2002
October 15, 2002
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY02 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY03-07 Five-Year Plan
June 18, 2002
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY03-07 evaluates Philadelphia’s fiscal strategies, with an emphasis on revenue diversification, service efficiency improvements, and capital investment planning.
PICA Capital Financing
Bond Documents
1999 Bond Issuance Documents
May 1, 2002
The document outlines financial agreements related to PICA's 1999 bond issuance, including an interest rate swap transaction with JPMorgan Chase. It details payment schedules, notional amounts, and swap rate structures, along with provisions for termination and settlement.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2001
October 16, 2001
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY01 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
