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Featured Publications
Budget Structure and Process
Issue Brief
When is a Budget Cut Not a Budget Cut?
March 31, 2025
A proposed budget reduction isn’t always a true cut—sometimes it reflects the end of one-time costs, a shift in responsibility to another department, or reduced demand for services. For instance, FY26 budgets for Parks & Recreation and Homeless Services are lower than FY25, but not all changes imply service reductions. To discern real impacts, stakeholders…
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Fact Sheet
Proposed FY26-30 Five-Year Plan Fiscal Highlights
March 20, 2025
The City projects declining fund balances and annual operating deficits through FY29, before returning to surplus in FY30, with reserves falling below recommended thresholds in most years. Revenue is expected to grow by 9.6% over the Plan period, while spending will rise just 1.9%, driven largely by wage and benefit costs. The Plan includes $337…
Revenue Analysis & Outlook
Issue Brief
Precision in Projections: Evaluating Philadelphia’s Tax Revenue Forecasts and Volatility
February 3, 2025
Philadelphia’s largest tax streams—Wage and Earnings and Real Estate—are forecasted with high accuracy, typically within three percent of actual results. In contrast, smaller and more volatile revenue sources like the Realty Transfer and Amusement Taxes show far greater forecasting errors, reflecting their sensitivity to economic shifts and one-off events. By comparing 21 years of projections…
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2006
October 17, 2006
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY06 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
Reserves and Fiscal Stability
Issues Paper
Look Before You Leap? The Fiscal Situation that Awaits the Next Mayor
September 14, 2006
PICA's Look Before You Leap? The Fiscal Situation that Awaits the Next Mayor report from FY07 outlines the financial challenges facing Philadelphia's next mayor, including pension costs, healthcare expenses, and infrastructure needs. It warns of a declining general fund balance and rising long-term financial obligations.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q4
August 18, 2006
The fourth quarter FY06 QCMR projects General Fund revenues at $3.53 billion, matching the Five-Year Plan projection, while obligations remain at $3.44 billion, with no change from prior estimates. The year-end fund balance is projected at $201.6 million, which exceeds the minimum Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) recommendation but remains below long-term stability targets.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY07-11 Five-Year Plan
July 5, 2006
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY07-11 outlines Philadelphia’s financial priorities, addressing economic growth initiatives, budget sustainability, and fiscal risk management.
PICA Capital Financing
Bond Documents
2006 Bond Issuance Documents
June 1, 2006
The document outlines the Amended and Restated Indenture of Trust between the Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) and Meridian Bank, serving as the Trustee. It details the authorization, issuance, and repayment structure of bonds used to finance deficits and capital projects for the City of Philadelphia.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q3
May 18, 2006
The third quarter FY06 QCMR maintains a projected General Fund balance of $168.6 million, with stable revenues and obligations aligning with Five-Year Plan projections. However, long-term concerns about rising pension, healthcare, and debt service costs persist.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q2
February 18, 2006
The second quarter FY06 QCMR projects a General Fund balance of $168.6 million, driven by increased tax revenues and reduced obligations. However, federal funding shortfalls for human services and rising pension costs remain key risks.
Debt and Pensions
Issues Report
Reversing the Trend of Doing Too Little with Too Much
January 23, 2006
The Reversing the Trend of Doing Too Little with Too Much report examines the City’s infrastructure investment shortfalls and growing debt obligations, revealing that long-term liabilities increased by 64% while capital spending declined by 42% from FY01 to FY06. The report recommends debt reduction strategies and prioritizing pay-as-you-go infrastructure investments.
Debt and Pensions
Issues Report
An Ounce of Prevention: Managing the Ballooning Liability of Philadelphia’s Pension Fund
December 21, 2005
An Ounce of Prevention: Managing the Ballooning Liability of Philadelphia’s Pension Fund' examines the City’s pension crisis, highlighting a $2.9 billion unfunded liability and projected cost increases of 76% from FY01 to FY06. The report urges immediate reforms, including adjusting benefit structures and funding policies to improve the pension fund’s health.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q1
November 18, 2005
The first quarter FY06 QCMR projects a General Fund balance of $142.5 million, a $120.3 million improvement from the Five-Year Plan, due to strong tax revenues and expenditure control. However, rising employee benefits and fuel costs present ongoing financial risks.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2005
October 27, 2005
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY05 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
Revenue Analysis & Outlook
Issues Report
From Virtual Realty to Full Value Realty: Preparing for Reassessment
October 20, 2005
The From Virtual Realty to Full Value Realty: Preparing for Reassessment report evaluates Philadelphia’s transition to full-value property assessments and the fiscal and policy implications of the change. It discusses the potential impact on property tax revenue, municipal debt limits, and taxpayer burdens, while recommending strategies to ensure a fair and transparent reassessment process.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY05 Q4
August 18, 2005
The fourth quarter FY05 QCMR reports a projected General Fund balance of $26.7 million, in line with the Five-Year Plan. However, growing pension and health care costs, coupled with revenue reliance on volatile sources, pose long-term risks.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY06-10 Five-Year Plan
August 8, 2005
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY06-10 reviews Philadelphia’s budgetary strategy, with a focus on debt service obligations, expenditure reductions, and economic development initiatives.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2004
October 1, 2004
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY04 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY05-09 Five-Year Plan
July 7, 2004
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY05-09 assesses Philadelphia’s budgetary trajectory, highlighting potential risks and proposing strategies for maintaining fiscal balance.