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Featured Publications
Reserves and Fiscal Stability
Issue Paper
Ranking Reserves: Benchmarking Philadelphia’s Financial Cushion
October 15, 2025
Philadelphia’s reserves improved significantly between FY20 and FY24, reaching 18 percent of General Fund revenues, the highest level in City history, but still below the median among ten peer cities. Despite this progress, projections in the FY26 to FY30 Five-Year Plan show reserves steadily declining, which may limit the City’s ability to respond to future…
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2025
October 8, 2025
In FY25, PICA fulfilled its oversight responsibilities by approving the City’s Five-Year Financial Plan and analyzing quarterly trends in revenues, expenditures, and fund balances. PICA expanded its research agenda to include capital transparency, bond spending, and grants administration, producing accessible reports and fact sheets to inform the public. PICA also modernized its operations by upgrading…
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY26-30 Five-Year Financial Plan
July 28, 2025
PICA’s Staff Report recommends PICA Board approval of the City of Philadelphia’s FY26–30 Five-Year Plan because it meets the requirements of the PICA Act, projecting positive year-end fund balances despite planned operating deficits from FY26 to FY29. The report highlights reasonable economic and revenue assumptions, the City’s continued investments in reserves, and the substantial $379…
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY07-11 Five-Year Plan
July 5, 2006
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY07-11 outlines Philadelphia’s financial priorities, addressing economic growth initiatives, budget sustainability, and fiscal risk management.
PICA Capital Financing
Bond Documents
2006 Bond Issuance Documents
June 1, 2006
The document outlines the Amended and Restated Indenture of Trust between the Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) and Meridian Bank, serving as the Trustee. It details the authorization, issuance, and repayment structure of bonds used to finance deficits and capital projects for the City of Philadelphia.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q3
May 18, 2006
The third quarter FY06 QCMR maintains a projected General Fund balance of $168.6 million, with stable revenues and obligations aligning with Five-Year Plan projections. However, long-term concerns about rising pension, healthcare, and debt service costs persist.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q2
February 18, 2006
The second quarter FY06 QCMR projects a General Fund balance of $168.6 million, driven by increased tax revenues and reduced obligations. However, federal funding shortfalls for human services and rising pension costs remain key risks.
Debt and Pensions
Issues Report
Reversing the Trend of Doing Too Little with Too Much
January 23, 2006
The Reversing the Trend of Doing Too Little with Too Much report examines the City’s infrastructure investment shortfalls and growing debt obligations, revealing that long-term liabilities increased by 64% while capital spending declined by 42% from FY01 to FY06. The report recommends debt reduction strategies and prioritizing pay-as-you-go infrastructure investments.
Debt and Pensions
Issues Report
An Ounce of Prevention: Managing the Ballooning Liability of Philadelphia’s Pension Fund
December 21, 2005
An Ounce of Prevention: Managing the Ballooning Liability of Philadelphia’s Pension Fund' examines the City’s pension crisis, highlighting a $2.9 billion unfunded liability and projected cost increases of 76% from FY01 to FY06. The report urges immediate reforms, including adjusting benefit structures and funding policies to improve the pension fund’s health.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY06 Q1
November 18, 2005
The first quarter FY06 QCMR projects a General Fund balance of $142.5 million, a $120.3 million improvement from the Five-Year Plan, due to strong tax revenues and expenditure control. However, rising employee benefits and fuel costs present ongoing financial risks.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2005
October 27, 2005
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY05 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
Revenue Analysis & Outlook
Issues Report
From Virtual Realty to Full Value Realty: Preparing for Reassessment
October 20, 2005
The From Virtual Realty to Full Value Realty: Preparing for Reassessment report evaluates Philadelphia’s transition to full-value property assessments and the fiscal and policy implications of the change. It discusses the potential impact on property tax revenue, municipal debt limits, and taxpayer burdens, while recommending strategies to ensure a fair and transparent reassessment process.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Financial Reports
PICA Staff Report on QCMR
QCMR Report FY05 Q4
August 18, 2005
The fourth quarter FY05 QCMR reports a projected General Fund balance of $26.7 million, in line with the Five-Year Plan. However, growing pension and health care costs, coupled with revenue reliance on volatile sources, pose long-term risks.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY06-10 Five-Year Plan
August 8, 2005
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY06-10 reviews Philadelphia’s budgetary strategy, with a focus on debt service obligations, expenditure reductions, and economic development initiatives.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2004
October 1, 2004
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY04 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY05-09 Five-Year Plan
July 7, 2004
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY05-09 assesses Philadelphia’s budgetary trajectory, highlighting potential risks and proposing strategies for maintaining fiscal balance.
Government Operations, Efficiency, & Performance
White Paper
The Crime of Inefficiency: The Cost of Policing in Philadelphia
March 9, 2004
The Crime of Inefficiency: The Cost of Policing in Philadelphia examines inefficiencies in the Philadelphia Police Department, highlighting excessive staffing levels, high overtime expenditures, and ineffective management practices.
PICA Annual Report
Annual Report
PICA Annual Report FY2003
October 1, 2003
The Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA) FY03 Annual Report provides an overview of the Authority's activities, financial oversight, and analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s fiscal condition over the past year. It includes key findings from PICA’s financial reviews, budget analyses, and policy recommendations aimed at ensuring the City's long-term financial stability as well as the Authority's financial statements and report from its auditors.
PICA Reports on Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia's Five-Year Plan
PICA Staff Report on the City of Philadelphia’s FY04-08 Five-Year Plan
June 26, 2003
PICA's Staff Report on The Five-Year Financial Plan for FY04-08 examines Philadelphia’s financial outlook, assessing projected revenues, major expenditure categories, and policy initiatives to ensure fiscal sustainability.